Most blocks are made to last a max. 14 day period. This is a period that goldfish should be able to last without food anyways. These blocks also have the tendency to turn into sludge too soon. In this case, it can start rotting, causing a severe ammonia spike, potentially harming your fish. Mar 26, 2022 · A healthy, grown-up aquarium fish can go from 3 days to 1 whole week, without eating any food. Some fish species can live for more than 2 weeks without eating. An adult fish in an aquarium has enough body mass and fat reserves to skip a couple of meals once in a while. The answer depends on several factors, including the size of the fish, the ...19 Jul 2020 ... But you might be surprised: Goldfish can actually go a long time without goldfish food, as long as water quality is maintained and your fish are ...While they can live without food for up to two weeks, there may be a wide range of adverse health effects. Going without food for that long may take its toll on the goldfish’s immune system and you may also witness a change in your goldfish’s color. Ultimately, how long a goldfish can live healthily without food depends on factors like its ...This is one of our favorite fruit cobbler recipes to bring out again and again, whether we’ve got a glut of berries or a surfeit of stone fruit. Cobblers, crisps, and crumbles are ...22 Jun 2021 ... Go to channel · What Do Goldfish Eat | What Can Goldfish Eat | What Food Can Goldfish Eat. Aquarium Fish Keepers•23K views · 6:23 · Go to ...Jul 7, 2023 · Without access to oxygen, goldfish will suffocate and eventually die. The time it takes for a goldfish to perish in ice depends on various factors such as the size and health of the fish, as well as the thickness of the ice. In general, a goldfish can survive for a few hours to a couple of days in ice before it becomes harmful.Dec 3, 2022 · Can Goldfish Live Without Oxygen? What You Need to Know! By Barry Hilton December 3, 2022 December 3, 2022 Barry Hilton December 3, 2022 December 3, 2022Goldfish can go 8 to 14 days without eating. Instead, they forage in their tank and eat algae during this period. Goldfish may occasionally consume plants and insects depending on the quantity and amount of algae present in ponds. In a proper aquarium with a filtration system and adequate space, goldfish can live for many years. Common goldfish can live up to 10-15 years, while fancy goldfish varieties can live up to 20 years or more. Goldfish need enough space to swim, a healthy diet, and regular maintenance of the aquarium water.Dec 3, 2022 · Can Goldfish Live Without Oxygen? What You Need to Know! By Barry Hilton December 3, 2022 December 3, 2022 Barry Hilton December 3, 2022 December 3, 2022GoldFish Swim School is teaching more than 1 million kids to swim ensuring all kids have the skills to be safe in the water. Goldfish Swim School wants to make sure all kids have t...Jan 19, 2024 · During the first 5 days of not eating any food, a person may lose 2.2–4.4 pounds per day. If you don’t eat for 4 days you may also experience faintness and dizziness. Once a person loses 10% ... Jun 18, 2023 · Floating the bag for at least 15-20 minutes in the aquarium is essential. This will allow the water temperatures to adjust, minimizing the shock to the fish. To help the fish adapt, consider turning off the lights for a few hours while it acclimates to its new home.Who doesn’t like free food, especially on your birthday? Of course, it’s hard to know just what place is gonna have the best goods. Unless you check out this list, of course. Who d...However, one concern that many goldfish owners may have is how long their fish can go without food. It is important to understand the nutritional needs of a goldfish and the effects of prolonged fasting on their health. In general, a goldfish can survive for about two weeks without food. However, this can vary depending on the age and health of ... Dec 25, 2023 · Feeding cycle of the koi. How long koi can live without eating is highly dependent on the temperature where you live. During the colder parts of winter (40° and below) koi can go weeks without eating. However, during the summer they can only live for two weeks without food. The koi’s metabolism fluctuates during the year.Feb 2, 2024 · Of course, the lifespan depends on various factors. If common goldfish are well taken care of, the average lifespan is around 10-14 years. Some even say that the common and Comet goldfish can live for 20 to 40 years! The long life expectancy is supported by healthy feeding, clean water conditions, and tank size.Of course, the lifespan depends on various factors. If common goldfish are well taken care of, the average lifespan is around 10-14 years. Some even say that the common and Comet goldfish can live for 20 to 40 years! The long life expectancy is supported by healthy feeding, clean water conditions, and tank size. Mar 17, 2022 · Goldfish should be fed 2 or 3 times per day. The average will work well in most situations. As long as you are feeding your fish, you should try to keep the feeding times consistent. If you feed them more than once a day, you may need to adjust the amount of food you give them. This depends on the type of fish you have and the size of your …Most blocks are made to last a max. 14 day period. This is a period that goldfish should be able to last without food anyways. These blocks also have the tendency to turn into sludge too soon. In this case, it can start rotting, causing a severe ammonia spike, potentially harming your fish. Overview. Goldfish are a popular choice for fish owners because of their colorful appearance and playful personality. While many goldfish can live happily in indoor aquariums, some of them can also thrive in outdoor ponds. Goldfish can survive in natural waterways, making them a great addition to any outdoor pond or garden pond.Jul 18, 2023 · Alum for snails and snail eggs at a ratio of one to two tablespoons per gallon of water (soak for two days). Please be advised that plants with low light requirements are solid considerations for your fish's habitat. Any supplementary lighting (natural or electrical) can cause water temperatures to rise, which can be deadly.Jan 16, 2023 · Shubunkin and comet goldfish have an average lifespan of 12 to 15 years. Oranda goldfish have an average of 15 years but can live up to 20 years. The key for these long lifespans is the housing in combination with the other elements of proper care. We’ll talk more about this below. Dec 25, 2023 · These fish can typically survive for about 1-2 weeks without food. On the other hand, larger fish species such as goldfish and koi have a slower metabolic rate and can go without food for longer periods of time, ranging from 2-4 weeks. Typically, wild goldfish live in freshwater rivers, ponds and lakes. However, they cannot withstand strong water currents. So, they would rather live in water bodies that move slowly. Interestingly, goldfish can withstand a wide range of temperatures. In particular, goldfish can live in temperatures between 42 degrees and 82 degrees …Aug 31, 2023 · How Long Can Goldfish Live? Goldfish are known for their relatively long lives compared to other aquarium fish. On average, a well-cared-for goldfish can live anywhere from 10 to 15 years. However, there have been cases where goldfish have exceeded this range, living up to 20 years or more. Factors Affecting Goldfish LongevityFactors That Affect How Long Can Fish Go Without Food. If your fish is healthy and the aquarium is in good condition, most ornamental fish species can survive up to 5 days without feeding. But the safe time window to leave your fish without food is up to 3 days; after that, the animal already shows signs of nutritional deficiencies.Dec 24, 2022 · While goldfish can survive for up to two weeks without food, the ideal period is between 8-14 days. During this duration, their metabolism slows down significantly, enabling them to go without food. After 14 days of not eating, goldfish will begin to lose weight, their energy levels decrease and their immune system weakens. Assuming the pond is well designed and retains a balanced ecosystem, a Goldfish should survive over two weeks relatively easily. Without an essentially artificial source of food at their disposal via …Jan 18, 2024 · If you want your goldfish to live in your pond for a long time, consider following these tips: 1 – Protect the Goldfish From Predators. Even if you’re taking good care of your goldfish, their life can end abruptly because of predators. Birds that fly through your area can quickly snatch a goldfish from your pond without you noticing it.Oct 20, 2023 · Goldfish are notable pets, however, they can be tricky animals. It’s key to know how long your goldfish can oversee without eating if you’re craving to be away from home for a few days.Goldfish can go for a surprising amount of time without being fed, especially in a fish pond. Goldfish in a fish tank can survive for eight days to two weeks without you feeding them. In a pond, they can last almost indefinitely without feeding. Keep reading to learn why and assess how your personal goldfish fit in! Dec 26, 2023 · Discover all you need to know about the lifespan of a goldfish and its ability to survive without food in this informative article. Learn the importance of feeding your goldfish, factors that can influence their survival without food, and the signs of starvation to watch for. Find out how long a goldfish can last without eating and gain valuable tips for keeping your goldfish healthy and thriving. Pond fish can easily survive 2 weeks or more without food. Overwinter they go months without eating. If you design and keep a well balanced pond ecosystem you will never have to feed your fish. Unless you want to, of course. That doesn’t mean they don’t eat! They will be like their wild counterparts and survive by hunting and foraging.1 day ago · This type of snake can live between 25 to 30 years in captivity and proper care. This has been recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records. It’s incredible how long snakes can survive without water! Not to mention, the record of the world’s oldest snake.Mar 9, 2023 · In conclusion, goldfish can live up to two weeks without food, but it is not recommended to leave them without food for an extended period. Neglecting to feed your goldfish can lead to malnutrition, weakness, and even death. To make sure that your goldfish stays healthy, it is important to provide them with the perfect amount and type of food ... Oct 3, 2019 · Feed your goldfish a small amount of food two to three times in a day. Remember, you should only give your goldfish food that it will consume in two minutes. A general rule to determine how much food to give your fish is to feed it as much as the size of its eye. Left-over food will sink at the bottom of the aquarium, decompose and cause water ... How Long Can A Goldfish Live Without Oxygen? The general consensus is that goldfish can go without oxygen for anywhere between a few minutes to a couple of hours, depending on the fish’s health and age. However, one study has shown that goldfish and their wild cousins, crucian carps, can survive without breathing oxygen for more …Oct 3, 2019 · Feed your goldfish a small amount of food two to three times in a day. Remember, you should only give your goldfish food that it will consume in two minutes. A general rule to determine how much food to give your fish is to feed it as much as the size of its eye. Left-over food will sink at the bottom of the aquarium, decompose and cause water ... Dec 25, 2023 · These fish can typically survive for about 1-2 weeks without food. On the other hand, larger fish species such as goldfish and koi have a slower metabolic rate and can go without food for longer periods of time, ranging from 2-4 weeks. Pepperidge Farm is a household name known for its delectable baked goods and snacks. From their iconic Goldfish crackers to their indulgent cookies, Pepperidge Farm products have b...Oct 8, 2022 · Without anyone to take over their feeding schedule or help with the tank maintenance, it’s very nerve-wracking to imagine what can happen to your fish when you’re away. While some fish have gone longer than this without food, leaving your goldfish without anything to eat can stress them out and weaken their immune system. Poor nutritional choices are readily available to us at all times. Find out which 10 foods are the absolutely worst to eat. Advertisement There's no denying to the many bacon lover...Jan 9, 2024 · Top 10 Best Goldfish Foods 2024. 1. Best Overall Goldfish Food: TetraFin Balanced Diet. Why we like it: TetraFin has always dominated the market in fish food, and it’s easy to see why – with their goldfish flakes, they’ve created a long-lasting, nutritionally balanced food that appeals to many fish the world over.Dec 27, 2022 · In addition, carbon dioxide will increase within the small tank and cause the goldfish to breathe in it. Hence, the need for an air pump arises as well! This article intends to give you a complete explanation of whether a goldfish can live without an air pump and filter or not. The answer is yes!Goldfish are the longest-living fish in the aquarium trade! While goldfish can live without water for up to 3 hours, the typical single-tailed can easily survive for 10 to 15 years in a large aquarium and up to 20 years in a pond under the right conditions. Even fancy goldfish often make it into their second decade of life with proper care!Goldfish can go 8 to 14 days without eating. Instead, they forage in their tank and eat algae during this period. Goldfish may occasionally consume plants and insects depending on the quantity and amount of algae present in ponds. Jan 2, 2023 · Based on studies, goldfish can go without food for 8 to 14 days. However, each fish responds differently to being unfed. If you simply want to know the answer to “how long can a goldfish go without food,” the fact is that they can last for up to 2 weeks. However, this figure depends on a variety of factors. Some of those gut-healthy "fermented" foods aren't even fermented. Fermented foods are often among the top nutritional suggestions for gut health, since they contain probiotic bact...How long can Goldfish go without food? From my experience, Goldfish can last about 2 weeks without food. After that, they will become weak and will slowly ...Dec 5, 2022 · This can lead to ammonia poisoning, even more stress, and premature death. Author Note: A Goldfish living in a bowl is lucky to make it to one year. Even if you do things right and perform frequent water changes, the average lifespan in a bowl is only two to three years. 2. Keep Them In A Tank That’s Large Enough. Overwintering Koi and Goldfish in Your Pond. During the winter months when the water temperatures are 45 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit and below, hardy koi and goldfish will go into their annual torpor, or dormancy. The fish's metabolism and activity slows, they become very lethargic, and they require little nourishment.Nov 19, 2021 · Here is the table below that you can use to estimate how long Goldfish can live without food under different tank temperatures. Water Temperature. Days Survive Without Food. 32 to 55 °F. 1-2 Weeks. 55 to 60 °F. 6-8 Days. 60-65 °F. 5-6 days. So, how long can goldfish go without food? The answer to this question comes down to your tank or pond temperature, how well you can maintain it, and your …Oct 3, 2019 · Feed your goldfish a small amount of food two to three times in a day. Remember, you should only give your goldfish food that it will consume in two minutes. A general rule to determine how much food to give your fish is to feed it as much as the size of its eye. Left-over food will sink at the bottom of the aquarium, decompose and cause water ... Apr 22, 2023 · How long human beings can go without food is an open question. Estimates indicate that starving people become weak in 30 to 50 days and die in 43 to 70 days. Individual factors including sex, age, starting weight, and water intake all play a role in how long someone can live without food.Oct 13, 2023 · Ask yourself how often you feed your fish now. That will play a role in how long your specific pet can last between feedings. 1. Know the Signs That Your Fish is Hungry. Even if you are aware of ...Aug 7, 2013 · A mixture of foods such as flakes, pellets, vegetables, and live food is a good combination. A goldfish’s main diet should consist of pellets or flakes that are good quality and high in carbohydrates. A typical food label should have 40% protein, 44% carbohydrates, 10% fats, and 6% ash (minerals, etc). Mar 9, 2023 · In conclusion, goldfish can live up to two weeks without food, but it is not recommended to leave them without food for an extended period. Neglecting to feed your goldfish can lead to malnutrition, weakness, and even death. To make sure that your goldfish stays healthy, it is important to provide them with the perfect amount and type of food ... 18 Mar 2022 ... Goldfish pond update! I haven't shown off the goldfish pond in a long time and thats simply because it was winter!After the first month, you can start introducing some high quality dry food into their diet, but, dry food is never as good as live food, and the fry growth rate will drop if dry food is fed exclusively. To raise high quality fish, live food should make up the majority of their diet for the first six months. Top of Feeding Goldfish Fry pageGoldfish can go without food for 8 to 14 days. During this time, they scavenge their aquarium and feed off algae. In ponds, depending on the size and available algae (sometimes goldfish also eat plants, check out …Dietary supplements include vitamins and minerals. Get the facts about dietary supplements and how to use them safely. Dietary supplements are vitamins, minerals, herbs, and many o...Jan 8, 2022 · Goldfish may not require a bubbler if there is enough water flow and adequate space in their tank. Smaller goldfish tanks or those with limited water flow may benefit from a bubbler or other forms of aeration to ensure sufficient oxygen levels. Various methods, including live plants, aerating ornaments, and air stones, can be used to oxygenate ...In technical terms, goldfish don’t actually get pregnant as they are not live-bearers, instead, they lay eggs. The most important step to finding out if a goldfish is ready to lay ...Jan 18, 2024 · Basically, they can go without food for about 4 days or so and still remain healthy. Moreover, several factors such as the health, size, and age of the fish dictate how long it can go without food. Naturally, carnivores and omnivores tend to stay for long without food. And since goldfish is an omnivore, it can survive for at least 2 weeks unfed.Keep your fish in mind – they can go up to 15 days without food! So, remember to make arrangements for their sustenance while you’re away. However, it is …GoldFish Swim School is teaching more than 1 million kids to swim ensuring all kids have the skills to be safe in the water. Goldfish Swim School wants to make sure all kids have t...The short answer is that koi fish can survive for up to two weeks without food. However, various factors contribute to the koi’s ability to survive without food. With that in mind, the two-week estimate is based on the koi fish’s metabolism at the height of …The lifespan of a fancy goldfish is between 5 and 10 years. goldfish can live as long as 20 years in the wild, but they can only live in a pond for 10 to 15 years. Goldfishes breed in spring and summer. They lay eggs in late summer or early fall. The eggs are laid on the bottom of the pond. When the eggs hatch, the young fish swim up to the ...22 Jun 2021 ... Go to channel · What Do Goldfish Eat | What Can Goldfish Eat | What Food Can Goldfish Eat. Aquarium Fish Keepers•23K views · 6:23 · Go to ...Feb 19, 2024 · For a goldfish, the answer depends on the size of the tank. It depends on how small it is. When we’re discussing the scenarios of an average-sized fishbowl, your goldfish can lack oxygen and meet its death within 12 to 48 hours without an air pump/water filter. Without a water filter, your goldfish could suffer in ammonia.Jan 12, 2024 · Goldfish can indeed survive if you put them in a pond without a pump. However, there’s going to be a bit more to the situation that you should consider. It’s generally not considered to be a good idea to add fish to a pond that doesn’t have a standard pump. This is because it might be tougher for the fish to get the oxygen that …6 Aug 2020 ... ... goldfish or any other tropical fish because they don't have the same nutritional requirements. Check out our other playlists Raising Fish ...Introduction Overview of goldfish Importance of food for goldfish survival Survival Mechanisms Natural adaptations of goldfish Duration goldfish can survive …Nov 21, 2019 · How Long Can Goldfish Go Without Food? ... Another thing that may make the water uncomfortable for the fish to live in is high nitrate levels. As a goldfish owner, you should keep in mind that goldfish excrete more than the tropical fish. Therefore, the waste leads to an increase in the nitrate levels, which make the goldfish feel very poorly. ...Most packaged foods in the U.S. have food labels. The label can help you eat a healthy, balanced, diet. Learn more. All packaged foods and beverages in the U.S. have food labels. T...Short Answer. Most experts believe that goldfish can go for as long as 8 to 14 days without food, but just because you can leave them be like that doesn’t mean that they should be. Various goldfishes behave differently after a few days of not eating. Some goldfish may die due to hunger, while others go into a form of hibernation. In this section, we’ve outlined popular breeds of fish and how long you might expect them to go without food: Betta Fish: 10-14 days. Goldfish: 10-14 days. Neon Tetras: 7 days (up to 3 weeks in planted aquariums) Platies: 10-14 days. Cory Catfish: 7-14 days. Guppies: 10-14 days. Mollies: 10-14 days.4 Oct 2019 ... Usually they can go up to 2 weeks without food – the longest recorded survival is 4 and a half months. When there is little food available, ...Jan 19, 2022 · With proper care, goldfish can live for over a decade, with some known to live up to 15 years or more. Goldfish kept in ponds tend to have longer lifespans due to better oxygen availability and water quality. To increase the lifespan of goldfish, provide a large tank or pond, proper filtration, and suitable water conditions.Oct 1, 2021 · Goldfish can go for about two weeks without food, but remember this timeline can be influenced by a variety of factors like environment and surrounding wildlife. Goldfish that live in a pond may be able to go longer than two weeks without food rather than goldfish that live in a tank or aquarium. In ponds, a variety of algae and insects live ... Jul 19, 2022 · The average lifespan in a bowl is 3-4 years if you do things right and perform frequent water changes. Goldfish can live up to 10 years if they are fed a balanced diet of fish food and live foods. If you are feeding your goldfish a diet that is high in protein and low in fat, they will not live as long as a fish that lives on a low-fat diet.Typically, wild goldfish live in freshwater rivers, ponds and lakes. However, they cannot withstand strong water currents. So, they would rather live in water bodies that move slowly. Interestingly, goldfish can withstand a wide range of temperatures. In particular, goldfish can live in temperatures between 42 degrees and 82 degrees …Food Irradiation - Food irradiation sterilizes through the use of radiation to kill bacteria but the foods do not become radioactive. Learn more about food irradiation. Advertiseme...Food allergies are more common among people with eczema and can cause flares. How do you find out if foods are triggers, and what do you do if they are? Food allergies are more com...Assuming the pond is well designed and retains a balanced ecosystem, a Goldfish should survive over two weeks relatively easily. Without an essentially artificial source of food at their disposal via …
So, during that period, the fish go weeks without food. However, an adult, healthy aquarium fish can generally last for three to seven days without food. Some species of pet fish can even survive a lack of food for over two weeks! Wild and captive-kept adult fish generally have sufficient body mass and fat reserves to miss a couple of …. Accidentally in love
Goldfish can live for about 2 weeks without food. But it’s not a good idea to keep your goldfish unfed for that long. So if you are planning to go on a long vacation …Jun 15, 2023 · Overview. Goldfish are a popular choice for fish owners because of their colorful appearance and playful personality. While many goldfish can live happily in indoor aquariums, some of them can also thrive in outdoor ponds. Goldfish can survive in natural waterways, making them a great addition to any outdoor pond or garden pond.18 Mar 2022 ... Goldfish pond update! I haven't shown off the goldfish pond in a long time and thats simply because it was winter!Female goldfish can and do lay eggs even without males in the tank. That’s because females produce and release eggs regardless if there are males available to fertilize them. If the fish are well-fed and the temperature is high enough, the goldfish will produce eggs. Once these eggs are fully-formed, they must be released. Holding them for ...Jun 1, 2023 · Assuming they receive high-quality care and are not eaten by a raccoon or other predator, pond goldfish can easily survive for 20 to 40 years depending on their type. Aquarium-kept fish rarely live as long as their pond-raised siblings unless they are kept in very roomy tanks with excellent filtration and top-notched maintenance.Food provides the energy and nutrients you need to be healthy. It is important to eat a variety of foods to get all the nutrients you need. Read more. Good nutrition is important i...Oct 13, 2021 · 2021-10-13. By Antonio Tourino. A Goldfish’s ability to prevail without food varies, depending on elements such as water temperature, what the fish usually eats, and the body condition of the Goldfish when food ultimately runs out. On average, however, a goldfish in optimal health can live approximately up to two weeks without food. May 1, 2023 · Ryukin –can live up to 10-15 years. Pearlscale –can live up to 5-10 years. Butterfly Goldfish –can live up to 8-10 years. Panda Goldfish –can live up to 10-20 years. Wakin –can live up to 10-15 years (usually only 12 years) These were some of the most common goldfish kept as pets and their lifespans.Jun 1, 2023 · Assuming they receive high-quality care and are not eaten by a raccoon or other predator, pond goldfish can easily survive for 20 to 40 years depending on their type. Aquarium-kept fish rarely live as long as their pond-raised siblings unless they are kept in very roomy tanks with excellent filtration and top-notched maintenance.Some hardier species of fish can survive as long as two or three weeks without food. This is anyway a long time for a fish to be starving though, and it can be dangerous to your pets’ health as they will need to tap into their reserves to keep going while they’re not eating. Starvation can obviously lead to stress, as well as potentially to organ failure and …Introduction Overview of goldfish Importance of food for goldfish survival Survival Mechanisms Natural adaptations of goldfish Duration goldfish can survive …Goldfish can survive in a pond without being fed for an extended period, typically ranging from several weeks to several months, depending on various factors. These resilient aquatic creatures possess natural survival mechanisms that allow them to endure periods of food scarcity. Goldfish are opportunistic feeders, often foraging for algae ... So, during that period, the fish go weeks without food. However, an adult, healthy aquarium fish can generally last for three to seven days without food. Some species of pet fish can even survive a lack of food for over two weeks! Wild and captive-kept adult fish generally have sufficient body mass and fat reserves to miss a couple of …After research, we found that goldfish in small tanks can live for 2 years maximum. There should be proper feeding and water maintenance for the aquarium. When ...Dec 5, 2022 · This can lead to ammonia poisoning, even more stress, and premature death. Author Note: A Goldfish living in a bowl is lucky to make it to one year. Even if you do things right and perform frequent water changes, the average lifespan in a bowl is only two to three years. 2. Keep Them In A Tank That’s Large Enough. Jul 25, 2020 · Some goldfish can go up to two weeks without food. Just because a goldfish can live this long without food should not mean that they should have to. A goldfish should not go more than three or four days without food. If this happens because of an emergency or a problem with the tank that is acceptable, but you don’t want this to become the ... Nov 21, 2019 · How Long Can Goldfish Go Without Food? ... Another thing that may make the water uncomfortable for the fish to live in is high nitrate levels. As a goldfish owner, you should keep in mind that goldfish excrete more than the tropical fish. Therefore, the waste leads to an increase in the nitrate levels, which make the goldfish feel very poorly. ...Ryukin –can live up to 10-15 years. Pearlscale –can live up to 5-10 years. Butterfly Goldfish –can live up to 8-10 years. Panda Goldfish –can live up to 10-20 years. Wakin –can live up to 10-15 years (usually only 12 years) These were some of the most common goldfish kept as pets and their lifespans.29 Dec 2020 ... In short, the things you want to make sure of when leaving your goldfish for extended periods of time is that the water is kept clean and ....